During the 8th Festival, in September 1990, journalist Fernando Barbosa Lima assessed the relationship between independent productions and television. According to him, said productions first started appearing on television in the Repórter Esso show, aired on TV Tupi from 1953 to 1970. Once the dictatoship regime began in Brazil, the government created the state-owned communications company Embratel and began importing equipment, financing the sale of home appliances to the population, and making them into tools of alienation. Fernando Barbosa Lima was a director for TV networks Excelsior, Manchete, and Bandeirantes, among others.